Diagrams

Digram of the recorded sound and its frequency spectrum

Diagram of the recorded sizzle and its frequency spectra

Diagram of the recorded sound is composed of many points which are called samples. The microphone level was read 44100 times per second during the recording. There are 4410 points on the present diagram showing a tenth of a second long section of the recording.

Discreet Fourier transformation was computed on a one second long recording section. The diagram of the transformation shows the frequency spectrum of the sound which pipe emits. Clearly can be seen that the largest share of energy corresponds to the frequency which is a little higher than 200 Hz. This is also the pitch we hear when the pipe sings. There is a minor peak at the frequency around 50  Hz and a very small one at around 620 Hz (a third harmonic?). The peak at 50 Hz could be due to the noise of the electric equipment (computer, printer, monitor) in the room where the recordings took place. Mains electricity is AC, 50 Hz.

Diagram of the recorded sizzle of the boiling liquid nitrogen surprises us. We would expect a diagram of a noise, i.e. an unperiodic one. But we can clearly count circa five periods on the diagram which is one tenth of a second long. The period of the oscillation is therefore around 0.02 s and its frequency around 50 Hz.

Frequency spectrum of a noise should be more or less constant at all frequencies. The spectrum of the recorded sizzle shows a large peak at 50 Hz. Obviously, the 50 Hz sound oscillations are not caused by the pipe since they exist when the pipe is silent. Obviously the electrical equipment in use contributes the 50 Hz peak in the frequency spectra.

Diagram of the frequency changing with time

The frequency of the sound changes with time. It slowly rises and then suddenly jumps up just before the pipe stops emitting sound. The points in the present diagram are the peak frequencies from the frequency spectra computed with one second long sections of the recording piscal1-t.wav (577 k). The connecting line is only a guide for the eye.
Diagram of the amplitude changing with time The amplitude of the sound changes with time. All three recordings made show diagrams which are similar to the one on the left. When the pipe starts singing the amplitude rises high for a short time. Then it changes in a moderate way. Just before the pipe stops emitting sound the amplitude rises again and then drops quickly towards zero. The last peak coincides with the jump of the frequency (compare with the frequency diagram). The arrows point to the three small peaks of amplitude due to the recorded sound of the camera shutter.
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Last revised: Jan.31. 2001, © Andrej